Question1 Central to the textbook American Politics and the African American Quest for Universal Freedom is the concept – Get help from top-rated tutors 2024

Question1

Central to the textbook, American Politics and the African American Quest for Universal Freedom is the concept of freedom. In the first chapter, the authors assert that “freedom” is a contested idea. European American political thinkers generally view freedom within the context of American individualism. However, W.E. B. Du Bois considers freedom in the modern world very differently, as evidenced by his statement that:

Choose one answer.

a. “Freedom is related to life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness.”

b. “…it was the freedom to destroy freedom, the freedom of some to exploit the rights of others.”

c. “Freedom is personal and means that one is not constrained by others.”

d. None of the above.

Question2

Marks: 1

Over the last 20 years, an important body of scholarship has emerged on how the idea and practice of freedom began in Europe and the United States. What do the findings of these studies seem to suggest?

Choose one answer.

a. Freedom is inherently built into any conversation that relates to the U.S. and England and the question of (free will).

b. Freedom begins within the nuclear family and extends outwards to the larger society.

c. Freedom is a natural progression of thought for these two countries.

d. Freedom paradoxically is inextricably linked to the idea and institution of slavery.

Question3

Marks: 1

Why have writers avoided defining freedom with a universal definition?

Choose one answer.

a. Because freedom is so self evident it does not need to be defined.

b. Because they do not want to compete with one another.

c. Freedom, with its rich, varied, and conflicting meanings is difficult to define with one universal definition.

d. The definition of freedom changes as technology and the political climate become more sophisticated.

Question4

Marks: 1

Many writers have developed typologies of freedom. In your textbook, these typologies are described as:

Choose one answer.

a. Frameworks that include words which are synonymous with freedom, allowing people to draw from the same nomenclature to give meaning to the concept.

b. An etymological system that attempts to deconstruct freedom in order to get at the fundamental root of the word including, the original context.

c. Broad and varied enough to cover freedom’s diverse shades of meaning.

d. A format that places freedom in two contexts for extracting value: The Eastern Perspective and The Western Perspective.

Question5

Marks: 1

Which three scholars’ typological frameworks for identifying freedom are explored in this chapter?

Choose one answer.

a. Foner, Patterson and Franklin.

b. Patterson, Dubois, and King.

c. Patterson, Foner, and Kaplan.

d. King, Foner, and Patterson.

Question6

Marks: 1

Which typology, developed by Patterson, speaks to the power to act as one pleases without regard for others, or simply the ability to impose one’s will on another?

Choose one answer.

a. Sovereignal Freedom

b. Personal Freedom

c. Civic

d. Collective deliverance

Question7

Marks: 1

Instead of freedom, what term does Eric Foner prefer to use within his typological categories?

Choose one answer.

a. Opportunities

b. Equalities

c. Privileges

d. Rights

Question8

Marks: 1

What does Martin Luther King, Jr. mean by the term “Collective Deliverance”?

Choose one answer.

a. The right of the individual to participate fully in the political process.

b. Internalized individual state of autonomy, self determination, pride and self respect.

c. When a Group of people who are oppressed collectively decide to pardon their oppressors for the oppressive conditions under which they have been forced to exist.

d. The liberation of a group from external control-from captivity, slavery, or oppression.

Question9

Marks: 1

In terms of the freedom typology, what idea has been generally rejected by African Americans?

Choose one answer.

a. Sovereignal—the ability or freedom of one to impose their will on another.

b. Social—the right to freely choose personal and business associates.

c. Civic—capacity of adult members of a community to participate in its life and governance.

d. Political–Right to vote and participate fully in governing the community.

Question10

Marks: 1

African Americans have pursued the overarching goal of:

Choose one answer.

a. Liberal Freedom-absence of arbitrary legal restrictions on the individual.

b. Collective Deliverance-the liberation of a group from external control.

c. Natural Freedom-rights that come with being human.

d. Political Freedom-the right to vote and participate fully in governing the community.

Question11

Marks: 1

 All the typologies in the chapter are related to ____. The concept of ______ is perhaps the most fundamental to the whole of political science. Choose the word that makes the above sentences true.

Choose one answer.

a. Rights

b. Freedom

c. Deception

d. Power

Question12

Marks: 1

Political Scientists generally analyze power utilizing three different indicators. They are:

Choose one answer.

a. Its economic impact, its bases, its sustainability.

b. Its after effects, its bases, its exercise.

c. Its bases, after effects, skill of its exercise.

d. Its Bases, its exercise, skill of its exercise.

Question13

Marks: 1

Of the gentlemen who were appointed to the Constitution drafting committee, who was given the task of actually writing the document itself?

Choose one answer.

a. Benjamin Franklin

b. John Adams

c. Thomas Jefferson

d. Robert Livingston

Question14

Marks: 1

Jefferson, one of the most enlightened men of his day, has been described in chapter one as a racist and a white supremacist. How does the book distinguish between these two terms?

Choose one answer.

a. Racism is merely the belief that one’s race is superior to all other races—White supremacy involves the belief that all white people are superior because they have a pure bloodline.

b. Racism speaks to the ability of a person from one race to make judgments of a person from another race based on stereotypes—White supremacy is the belief that white skin color is superior to black skin color.

c. Racism is based on the predication of decisions and policies on considerations of race for the purpose of subordinating and maintaining control over it—White supremacy is the institutionalized belief that Africans are inherently inferior to whites.

d. Racism is based on the belief that Africans are inferior to Whites—White supremacy refers to any decision or policy predicated on considerations of race for the purpose of subordinating and maintaining control over a racial group.

Question15

Marks: 1

What ambiguous term used in the Declaration of Independence caused uproar about its interpretation?

Choose one answer.

a. Conceived in Liberty.

b. All men are created equal.

c. Dedicated to the proposition

d. Free from tyranny

Question16

Marks: 1

According to Carmichael and Hamilton, racism may take the two forms of:

Choose one answer.

a. Individual and Group.

b. Individual and Race.

c. Institutional and Individual.

d. Group and Institutional.

Question17

Marks: 1

How many times is slavery mentioned in the constitution?

Choose one answer.

a. 4

b. 0

c. 8

d. 3

Question18

Marks: 1

What two issues generated the 3/5 compromise between Northern and Southern States?

Choose one answer.

a. The north advocated that the right to vote should accompany any person who is represented in Congress—The South wanted to count slaves as people for representation in Congress but not to for taxation purposes.

b. The South wanted to count slaves as persons to be represented in congress but without the right to vote—the north wanted to count slaves strictly for the purpose of taxation but not for representation.

c. The North felt that slavery was inhumane and that slaves were still people who should be counted as such for morality purposes—The South wanted to impose subhuman status on slaves in order to justify the ill-treatment of Africans.

d. The North wanted to count slaves as persons to be represented in Congress but without the right to vote—The South wanted to count slaves strictly for the purpose of taxation but not for representation.

Question19

Marks: 1

What amendment effectively repealed the 3/5 clause?

Choose one answer.

a. 26th

b. 16th

c. 13th

d. 14th

Question20

Marks: 1

What is the basis upon which each state is granted Electoral College votes? 

Choose one answer.

a. The number of registered voters in a state.

b. The number of congressional representatives in a state.

c. The number of voting districts in each state.

d. The amount of money each state generates annually through taxation.

Question21

Marks: 1

The two guiding principles for the framers of the constitution were protection of property and limited government to avoid tyranny. These two principles gave rise to what governmental format?

Choose one answer.

a. Judicial Review-Justices can set precedent for legislation based on subjective interpretation of the constitution.

b. Federalism-separation of powers

c. Democracy-people rule

d. Capitalism-profit motive

Question22

Marks: 1

Which amendment in the Bill of Rights establishes the federal system by delegating some powers to the federal government and some to the states? This amendment also reserves all powers to the states that are not granted to the national government?

Choose one answer.

a. 2nd

b. 5th

c. 4th

d. 10th

Question23

Marks: 1

African Americans support a powerful federal government and demand action from it. This has _______ the power of the Federal government from the 1860’s through the present.

Choose one answer.

a. Decreased.

b. Corporatized.

c. Increased.

d. Had no impact on.

Question24

Marks: 1

Who was James Forten and why was he important?

Choose one answer.

a. Leader of the 1st Slave Rebellion

b. Father and mentor of Frederick Douglass

c. Author of “I have a Dream” speech.

d. Wealthy Sail maker who helped to finance the abolitionist movement

Question25

Marks: 1

In His work, what was the main point James Forten argued in favor of?

Choose one answer.

a. Individual Freedom

b. Peace

c. Universal Freedom

d. Universal Health Care

Question26

Marks: 1

Federalism can be simply described as the separation of powers between the federal and state governments. What does William Riker state about federalism in his book,Federalism: Origins, Operation and Significance?

Choose one answer.

a. Federalism provided an avenue for Blacks to escape slavery

b. The primary beneficiaries of slavery have been southern whites, who were given the freedom to oppress.

c. Federalism is the Constitution’s most important protector of an individual’s freedom

d. None of the above.

Question27

Marks: 1

Which of the following correctly lists those laws that universalized freedom by making racial discrimination illegal in the United States.?

Choose one answer.

a. Civil Rights Act of 1964, Voting Rights Act of 1965, and the Fair Housing Act of 1968.

b. Brown versus Board of Education, Plessy v. Ferguson, Civil Rights Act of 1964.

c. Civil Rights Act of 1964, Voting Rights Act of 1965 and Plessy v. Ferguson.

d. Voting Rights Act of 1965, Civil Rights Act of 1964, and The Dred Scott Decision.

Question28

Marks: 1

What Supreme Court case supported the doctrine of “,” that led to the separation of the races in virtually all areas of life, public and private?

Choose one answer.

a. Little Rock Nine Case

b. Brown v. Board of Education

c. The Dred Scott Case.

d. Plessy v Ferguson.

Question29

Marks: 1

What argument does Jean Boding make regarding the notion of “sovereignty”?

Choose one answer.

a. Sovereignty is indivisible and must reside in a single person or institution.

b. Sovereignty is a God given right to each human.

c. True sovereignty rests only in the hands of the institution or individual that is the most powerful in the world.

d. Sovereignty is an illusion in the face of a more powerful force, where it becomes absorbed and transformed by the character of the stronger sovereign.

Question30

Marks: 1

 According to the authors of the text, why was federalism necessary?

Choose one answer.

a. To End Slavery

b. To Establish the Union

c. To Establish the Constitution

d. To Support Voting Rights

Question31

Marks: 1

How has federalism created opportunities for African Americans under federalism?

Choose one answer.

a. It grants citizens the choice to move to another state in search of a better life.

b. It allows the states to serve as laboratories for public policy innovation and experimentation.

c. It allows the different states to define rights and freedoms for their citizens.

d. It provides opportunities for minority groups to become majorities, or larger more politically significant minorities.

Question32

Marks: 1

During reconstruction, which three amendments were added to the constitution with the purpose of granting more rights to African Americans, and what rights were granted?

Choose one answer.

a. 1st-freedom of speech, 13th- abolished slavery, 15th-voting rights to all men regardless of color

b. 5th-right not to incriminate self, 14th-universal citizenship, equality and fairness under the law for all persons 15th- voting rights to all men regardless of color.

c. 13th-abolished slavery, 14th-universal citizenship, equality and fairness under the law for all persons, 15th-voting rights to all men regardless of color.

d. 1st-freedom of speech , 2nd-right to bear arms, 5th-right not to incriminate oneself

Question33

Marks: 1

During what three periods did national-centered power triumph?

Choose one answer.

a. During Reconstruction, the New Deal, and the Civil Rights Movement.

b. When Federalism was established.

c. When the 13th, 14th, and 15th amendments were passed.

d. When the Executive, Legislative, and Judicial Branches of government were created.

Question34

Marks: 1

What is meant by Reconstruction and when did it occur?

Choose one answer.

a. To Free the Slaves, After the Emancipation Proclamation

b. After Abraham Lincoln was killed, To elect a new president

c. To Rebuild the South, after the Civil War

d. All of the above

Question35

Marks: 1

What three forces perpetuate the tension that exists between those who support national-centered and state centered power?

Choose one answer.

a. localism, laissez-faire, and racism.

b. racism, prejudice, and capitalism.

c. Racism, classism, and capitalism.

d. Laissez-faire, racism, and capitalism.

Question36

Marks: 1

The fourteenth amendment with its five sections is one of the longest amendments to the Constitution. The most important and controversial part is section______,which establishes universal citizenship and declares freedom and equality throughout the United States.

Choose one answer.

a. Section3

b. Section 4

c. Section 2

d. Section 1.

Question37

Marks: 1

What was the first case heard by the Supreme Court under the 14th amendment?

Choose one answer.

a. Brown v. Board of Education

b. Roe v. Wade

c. Slaughterhouse

d. Dred Scott

Question38

Marks: 1

The 14th amendment’s great universal freedom charter, ironically, until the 1960’s was used to protect the freedom of ________ rather than African Americans.

Choose one answer.

a. Poor Whites

b. Slaves

c. All minorities

d. Corporations

Question39

Marks: 1

A primary controversy related to the 14th amendment is whether or not:

Choose one answer.

a. The national government should rescind it.

b. Slavery should be abolished

c. States should abide by the law

d. All of the above

Question40

Marks: 1

What was the purpose of the Civil Rights Act of 1875

Choose one answer.

a. Guarantee the right to vote.

b. Prohibit discrimination in housing

c. Prohibit discrimination in public accommodations

d. All of the above

Question41

Marks: 1

What was the rationale for overturning the Civil Rights Act of 1875, thus declaring it invalid?

Choose one answer.

a. The belief that women should not have the right to choose

b. The assertion that the 14th amendment’s equal protection clause only prohibited discrimination by the states, not private businesses or persons.

c. The idea that slavery had already been abolished, and therefore unnecessary.

d. The belief that the races should be separated

Question42

Marks: 1

How are civil liberties defined?

Choose one answer.

a. The rights of individuals protected from uncivilized state laws.

b. The rights of individuals protected from corporate power.

c. The rights of whole groups that are protected from other predetorial groups in society.

d. The rights of individuals that are protected from government abridgement.

Question43

Marks: 1

How are civil rights defined?

Choose one answer.

a. The rights of African Americans to do what they want in society.

b. The rights of all civilians to pursue life, liberty and happiness.

c. The rights of the majority to freedom and equality under the law.

d. The rights of minorities to freedom and equality under the law.

Question44

Marks: 1

What is the importance of the Supreme Court case Gitlow V. New York (1925)?

Choose one answer.

a. It prohibited unreasonable searches and seizures

b. It allowed for Freedom of Religion

c. Provided for the right to bear arms.

d. The decision began the process of universalizing the Bill of Rights

Question45

Marks: 1

Which Supreme Court Case provided a right to privacy for U.S. citizens?

Choose one answer.

a. Bowers V. Hardwick (1986)

b. Roe V. Wade (1973)

c. Griswold V. Connecticut (1965)

d. Brown V. Board (1954)

Question46

Marks: 1

Highlighted in this chapter are two men who advocated universal freedom in speeches that have made long lasting impressions in society.

Choose one answer.

a. Malcolm X and Abraham Lincoln

b. Abraham Lincoln and Martin Luther King, Jr.

c. Malcolm X and Martin Luther King, Jr.

d. Martin Luther King, Jr. and Ghandi

Question47

Marks: 1

Which Supreme Court Justice, appointed in 1972 by president Richard Nixon and elevated to Chief Justice by President Reagan, was a staunch advocate for state-centered power:

Choose one answer.

a. Antonin Scalia

b. William Rehnquist

c. Clarence Thomas

d. Sandra Day O’Conner

Question48

Marks: 1

Eleanor Roosevelt made significant contributions to the expansion of Universal Freedom in the U.S. by:

Choose one answer.

a. Becoming the first woman to run for the office of president on a platform of Human Rights.

b. Creating the United Nations (UN) Declaration of Human Rights.

c. Speaking out against state centered power.

d. Fighting the government’s propensity to create laws that supported the laissez-faire approach to governance.

Question49

Marks: 1

What important idea is declared in the United Nations (UN) Declaration of Human Rights?

Choose one answer.

a. All persons are human and worthy of some basic rights

b. Human rights should be enforced by each state.

c. All persons are equal and human rights are universal

d. Minorities deserve human rights

Question50

Marks: 1

Other than Civil Rights, what other rights are espoused in the Declaration of Human Rights?

Choose one answer.

a. Social and individual rights

b. Mental and physical rights.

c. Social and Economic Rights.

d. Economic and Mental freedom.