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Case Study: Critical Appraisal of Quantitative and Qualitative Research for Nursing PracticeIntroduction.ÿUnrelieved postoperative pain remains a common problem despite advances in pain management. Complementary music has been suggested as an adjuvant to the standard of care treatment for postoperative pain.Purpose.ÿThe purpose of this study was to determine if music therapy was an effective adjunct to decrease state anxiety, and increase pain management and environmental noise satisfaction in the postoperative patient.Method.A quasi-experimental nonequivalent control group design was used in this study with participants assigned based on room assignment rather than randomly. The control group, which consisted of participants admitted to the A hallway, received the standard of care. The intervention group, which consisted of participants admitted to the B hallway, received complementary music therapy in the form of preprogrammed MP3 players, in addition to the standard of care. Neither analgesia type nor route was controlled. Each participant was enrolled for a total of 3 days or until discharge, whichever came first. Outcome measures were collected upon enrollment (Time One) and for the next 2 consecutive days (Time Two and Time Three). Participants in the intervention group were encouraged to listen to a selection of nonlyrical low decibel (less than 60 db) preprogrammed music, for at least 30 minutes via an MP3 player after their prescribed analgesia was administered. State trait anxiety, as well as pain and environmental noise satisfaction, were assessed using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and two standardized questions from the Press Ganey survey.Findings.Before the intervention was implemented, both groups were the same related to their average level of state and trait anxiety, pain, and noise perception. The patient’s state anxiety, pain perception, and noise perception were measured 1 day after the intervention was in place. A significant difference was found from Time One to Time Two in pain management (t = 3.938, p
 

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